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USENIX 2002 Annual Conference - Technical Program Abstract
Geographic Properties of Internet Routing
| Lakshminarayanan Subramanian |
Venkata N. Padmanabhan |
Randy H. Katz |
| University of California, Berkeley |
Microsoft Research |
University of California, Berkeley |
Abstract
In this paper, we study the geographic properties of Internet
routing. Our work is distinguished from most previous studies of
Internet routing in that we consider the geographic path traversed by
packets, not just the network path. We examine several geographic
properties including the circuitousness of Internet routes, how
multiple ISPs along an end-to-end path share the burden of routing
packets, and the geographic fault tolerance of ISP networks. We
evaluate these properties using extensive network measurements
gathered from a geographically diverse set of probe points. Our
analysis shows that circuitousness of Internet paths depends on the
geographic and network locations of the end-hosts, and tends to be
greater when paths traverse multiple ISP. Using geographic
information, we quantify the degree to which an ISP's routing policy
resembles hot-potato or cold-potato routing. We find evidence of
certain tier-1 ISPs exhibiting hot-potato routing. Finally, based on
network topology information gathered at CAIDA, we find that many
tier-1 ISP networks may have poor tolerance to the failure of a
single, critical geographic node, assuming the published topology
information is reasonably complete.
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